Treatment of Alcohol Dependence During Pregnancy

Brief interventions, in particular motivational enhancement therapy (MET), can be effective in reducing alcohol use in pregnancy.  

The current pharmacotherapies for alcohol dependence are listed in category B meaning these drugs have been taken by only a limited number of pregnant women and women of childbearing age, and no increase in the frequency of malformation or other direct or indirect harmful effects on the human foetus has been observed. Acamprosate and disulfiram are Category B2, indicating that studies in animals are inadequate or may be lacking, but available data show no evidence of an increased occurrence of foetal damage. Naltrexone is Category B3 indicating that studies in animals have shown evidence of an increased occurrence of foetal damage, the significance of which is considered uncertain in humans. Accordingly, these medications cannot be routinely recommended. If considered, the potential risks and benefits should be carefully considered in consultation with the patient.